Spatial modeling of river bank shifting and associated LULC changes of the Kaljani River in Himalayan foothills

Channel dynamics is an inherent characteristic of river in the floodplain region. It has some significant impacts on ecosystem and human life. GIS-based, DSAS CA-Markov models are efficient techniques to measure historical predictive changes following channel shifting LULC change. In this study, forty-eight years (1972–2020) earth observatory data were taken demarcate detect bank position change along Kaljani River, located at eastern Himalayan foothill. During 1998–2008, a very high rate erosion been place both bankline, which about ?4.48 m/y (left bank) ?3.48 (right bank), respectively. The overall result predicted bankline represents that bulky expansion will occur left bank, sediment accretion take right bank. Among three zones, banks zone ‘A’ (lower part river) worst affected past present follow same trends future. all six classes from 1972 1998 compared with between 2020. Moreover, long profile, hypsometric curve value, Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) value have help understanding identifying consequences reasons. accuracy level validated by actual positions (2020) empirically RMSE statistical test. study conducted Kappa statistics for map 2020, 87.57%, varies 0.007 0.176. Therefore, prediction output serves as spatial guidelines monitoring future shift land use planning management.